Parts Most Frequently Used: Juice, Rind (Zest), Pulp, Leaf

Flavors/Temps: Very Sour, Slightly Sweet, Astringent, Cooling

Caution: Considered very safe.

History/Folklore: It is the citric acid content of lemons that gives them their sour taste. They are thought to have first been grown in Assam, a region in northeastern India, northern Burma, and China. Geneticists state that lemon is a hybrid between bitter orange and citron.

Many cultures have used lemon. They were known to the Jews of Jerusalem, who pelted a high priest with them in the 90s BC. They entered Europe near southern Italy during the Roman Empire, no later than the first century AD. They were later introduced to Persia, Iraq, and Egypt around 700 AD.

Lemons were first recorded in literature in a 10th century Arabic treatise on farming and used as an ornamental plant in Islamic gardens. The first cultivation of lemons in Europe began in Genoa in the middle of the 15th century. Christopher Columbus brought the plant to the Americas as an ornamental and medicinal plant. In 1747, James Lind showed that seamen suffering from scurvy did better when lemon juice was added to their diets, though Vitamin C was not yet known.

Ancient Egyptians believed eating lemons and drinking lemon juice was an effective protection against a variety of poisons, and recent research confirms some of this as being true. Lemons were also used in embalming.  In Mesopotamia citrons were propagated for their beauty and aroma, as they flowered throughout the year.

Traditionally the lemon julep was a drink for cooling and thirst quenching. The fruit’s acids help break up nodules. To quote Maud Grieve’s Herbal, “Locally it is a good astringent, whether as a gargle in sore throat, in pruritus of the scrotum, in uterine hemorrhage after delivery, or as a lotion in sunburn.”

Currently, lemon has many uses in the modern world. Lemon juice is often used for cleaning. A lemon wedge dipped in salt or baking powder can brighten copper cookware. It is also known for sanitizing, deodorizing, bleaching stains, and removing grease. The oil of lemon peel is used as a wood cleaner.